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#CARD:Taiwan:Geography
#IMAGE 49 66 TWPCX \maps\Taiwan.PCX
THE WORLD FACTBOOK Click Here for MAP
Taiwan
Geography
Location:
East Asia, off the southeastern coast of China, between Japan and the
Philippines
Map references:
Asia, Oceania, Southeast Asia
Area:
total area:
35,980 km2
land area:
32,260 km2
comparative area:
slightly larger than Maryland and Delaware combined
note:
includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Quemoy
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
1,448 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia,
Philippines, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; Paracel Islands occupied by
China, but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; Japanese-administered
Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands/Diaoyu Tai) claimed by China and Taiwan
Climate:
tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August);
cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year
Terrain:
eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in
west
Natural resources:
small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos
Land use:
arable land:
24%
permanent crops:
1%
meadows and pastures:
5%
forest and woodland:
55%
other:
15%
Irrigated land:
NA km2
Environment:
subject to earthquakes and typhoons
#ENDCARD
#CARD:Taiwan:People
THE WORLD FACTBOOK
Taiwan
People
Population:
21,091,663 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
1% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
15.88 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
5.54 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
-0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
75.04 years
male:
71.84 years
female:
78.39 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.81 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Chinese (singular and plural)
adjective:
Chinese
Ethnic divisions:
Taiwanese 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2%
Religions:
mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%
Languages:
Madarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1980)
total population:
86%
male:
93%
female:
79%
Labor force:
7.9 million
by occupation:
industry and commerce 53%, services 22%, agriculture 15.6%, civil
administration 7% (1989)
#ENDCARD
#CARD:Taiwan:Government
THE WORLD FACTBOOK
Taiwan
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
none
conventional short form:
Taiwan
local long form:
none
local short form:
T'ai-wan
Digraph:
TW
Type:
multiparty democratic regime; opposition political parties legalized in
March, 1989
Capital:
Taipei
Administrative divisions:
some of the ruling party in Taipei claim to be the government of all China;
in keeping with that claim, the central administrative divisions include 2
provinces (sheng, singular and plural) and 2 municipalities* (shih, singular
and plural) - Fu-chien (some 20 offshore islands of Fujian Province
including Quemoy and Matsu), Kao-hsiung*, T'ai-pei*, and Taiwan (the island
of Taiwan and the Pescadores islands); the more commonly referenced
administrative divisions are those of Taiwan Province - 16 counties (hsien,
singular and plural), 5 municipalities* (shih, singular and plural), and 2
special municipalities** (chuan-shih, singular and plural); Chang-hua,
Chia-i, Chia-i*, Chi-lung*, Hsin-chu, Hsin-chu*, Hua-lien, I-lan,
Kao-hsiung, Kao-hsiung**, Miao-li, Nan-t'ou, P'eng-hu, P'ing-tung,
T'ai-chung, T'ai-chung*, T'ai-nan, T'ai-nan*, T'ai-pei, T'ai-pei**,
T'ai-tung, T'ao-yuan, and Yun-lin; the provincial capital is at
Chung-hsing-hsin-ts'un
note:
Taiwan uses the Wade-Giles system for romanization
Constitution:
25 December 1947, presently undergoing revision
Legal system:
based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
National holiday:
National Day, 10 October (1911) (Anniversary of the Revolution)
Political parties and leaders:
Kuomintang (KMT, Nationalist Party), LI Teng-hui, chairman; Democratic
Progressive Party (DPP); China Social Democratic Party (CSDP); Labor Party
(LP)
Other political or pressure groups:
Taiwan independence movement, various environmental groups
note:
debate on Taiwan independence has become acceptable within the mainstream of
domestic politics on Taiwan; political liberalization and the increased
representation of the opposition Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan's
legislature have opened public debate on the island's national identity;
advocates of Taiwan independence, both within the DPP and the ruling
Kuomintang, oppose the ruling party's traditional stand that the island will
eventually unify with mainland China; the aims of the Taiwan independence
movement include establishing a sovereign nation on Taiwan and entering the
UN; other organizations supporting Taiwan independence include the World
United Formosans for Independence and the Organization for Taiwan Nation
Building
#ENDCARD
#CARD:Taiwan:Government
THE WORLD FACTBOOK
Taiwan
Government
Suffrage:
20 years of age; universal
Elections:
President:
last held 21 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - President
LI Teng-hui was reelected by the National Assembly
Vice President:
last held 21 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - LI
Yuan-zu was elected by the National Assembly
Legislative Yuan:
last held 19 December 1992 (next to be held near the end of 1995); results -
KMT 60%, DPP 31%, independents 9%; seats - (304 total, 161 elected) KMT 96,
DPP 50, independents 15
National Assembly:
first National Assembly elected in November 1946 with a supplementary
election in December 1986; second and present National Assembly elected in
December 1991; seats - 403 total, KMT 318, DPP 75, other 10; (next election
to be held in 1997)
Executive branch:
president, vice president, premier of the Executive Yuan, vice premier of
the Executive Yuan, Executive Yuan
Legislative branch:
unicameral Legislative Yuan and unicameral National Assembly
Judicial branch:
Judicial Yuan
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President LI Teng-hui (since 13 January 1988); Vice President LI Yuan-zu
(since 20 May 1990)
Head of Government:
Premier (President of the Executive Yuan) LIEN Chan (since 23 February
1993); Vice Premier (Vice President of the Executive Yuan) HSU Li-teh (since
23 February 1993)
Member of:
expelled from UN General Assembly and Security Council on 25 October 1971
and withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs;
expelled from IMF/World Bank group April/May 1980; seeking to join GATT;
attempting to retain membership in INTELSAT; suspended from IAEA in 1972,
but still allows IAEA controls over extensive atomic development, APEC,
AsDB, ICC, ICFTU, IOC
Diplomatic representation in US:
none; unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of the US
are maintained through a private instrumentality, the Coordination Council
for North American Affairs (CCNAA) with headquarters in Taipei and field
offices in Washington and 10 other US cities
US diplomatic representation:
unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of Taiwan are
maintained through a private institution, the American Institute in Taiwan
(AIT), which has offices in Taipei at #7, Lane 134, Hsiu Yi Road, Section 3,
telephone [886] (2) 709-2000, and in Kao-hsiung at #2 Chung Cheng 3d Road,
telephone [886] (7) 224-0154 through 0157, and the American Trade Center at
Room 3207 International Trade Building, Taipei World Trade Center, 333
Keelung Road Section 1, Taipei 10548, telephone [886] (2) 720-1550
Flag:
red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a
white sun with 12 triangular rays
#ENDCARD
#CARD:Taiwan:Economy
THE WORLD FACTBOOK
Taiwan
Economy
Overview:
Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with considerable government
guidance of investment and foreign trade and partial government ownership of
some large banks and industrial firms. Real growth in GNP has averaged about
9% a year during the past three decades. Export growth has been even faster
and has provided the impetus for industrialization. Agriculture contributes
about 4% to GNP, down from 35% in 1952. Taiwan currently ranks as number 13
among major trading countries. Traditional labor-intensive industries are
steadily being replaced with more capital- and technology-intensive
industries. Taiwan has become a major investor in China, Thailand,
Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia. The tightening of labor markets
has led to an influx of foreign workers, both legal and illegal.
National product:
GNP - purchasing power equivalent - $209 billion (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
6.7% (1992 est.)
National product per capita:
$10,000 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
4.4% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
1.6% (1992 est.)
Budget:
revenues $30.3 billion; expenditures $30.1 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA (FY91 est.)
Exports:
$82.4 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
commodities:
electrical machinery 18.5%, textiles 14.7%, general machinery and equipment
17.7%, footwear 4.5%, foodstuffs 1.1%, plywood and wood products 1.1% (1992
est.)
partners:
US 29.1%, Hong Kong 18.7%, EC countries 17.1% (1992 est.)
Imports:
$72.1 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.)
commodities:
machinery and equipment 15.8%, chemicals 10.0%, crude oil 4.2%, foodstuffs
2.1% (1992 est.)
partners:
Japan 30.3%, US 21.9%, EC countries 17.1% (1992 est.)
External debt:
$620 million (1992 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 6.5% (1992 est.); accounts for more than 40% of GDP
Electricity:
18,382,000 kW capacity; 98,500 million kWh produced, 4,718 kWh per capita
(1992)
Industries:
electronics, textiles, chemicals, clothing, food processing, plywood, sugar
milling, cement, shipbuilding, petroleum refining
Agriculture:
accounts for 4% of GNP and 16% of labor force (includes part-time farmers);
heavily subsidized sector; major crops - vegetables, rice, fruit, tea;
livestock - hogs, poultry, beef, milk; not self-sufficient in wheat,
soybeans, corn; fish catch increasing, reached 1.4 million metric tons in
1988
Illicit drugs:
an important heroin transit point; also a major drug money laundering center
#ENDCARD
#CARD:Taiwan:Economy
THE WORLD FACTBOOK
Taiwan
Economy
Economic aid:
US, including Ex-Im (FY46-82), $4.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA
and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $500 million
Currency:
1 New Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
New Taiwan dollars per US$1 - 25.125 (1992 est.), 25.748 (1991), 27.108
(1990), 26.407 (1989) 28.589 (1988), 31.845 (1987)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
#ENDCARD
#CARD:Taiwan:Communications
THE WORLD FACTBOOK
Taiwan
Communications
Railroads:
about 4,600 km total track with 1,075 km common carrier lines and 3,525 km
industrial lines; common carrier lines consist of the 1.067-meter gauge 708
km West Line and the 367 km East Line; a 98.25 km South Link Line connection
was completed in late 1991; common carrier lines owned by the government and
operated by the Railway Administration under Ministry of Communications;
industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises
Highways:
20,041 km total; 17,095 km bituminous or concrete pavement, 2,371 km crushed
stone or gravel, 575 km graded earth
Pipelines:
petroleum products 615 km, natural gas 97 km
Ports:
Kao-hsiung, Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Su-ao, T'ai-tung
Merchant marine:
223 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,761,609 GRT/9,375,677 DWT; includes
1 passenger-cargo, 43 cargo, 11 refrigerated cargo, 85 container, 19 oil
tanker, 2 combination ore/oil, 1 specialized tanker, 57 bulk, 1
roll-on/roll-off, 2 combination bulk, 1 chemical tanker
Airports:
total:
40
usable:
38
with permanent-surface runways:
36
with runways over 3,659 m:
3
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
16
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
7
Telecommunications:
best developed system in Asia outside of Japan; 7,800,000 telephones;
extensive microwave radio relay links on east and west coasts; broadcast
stations - 91 AM, 23 FM, 15 TV (13 repeaters); 8,620,000 radios; 6,386,000
TVs (5,680,000 color, 706,000 monochrome); satellite earth stations - 1
Pacific Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT; submarine cable links to
Japan (Okinawa), the Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia,
Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe
#ENDCARD
#CARD:Taiwan:Defense Forces
THE WORLD FACTBOOK
Taiwan
Defense Forces
Branches:
General Staff, Ministry of National Defense, Army, Navy (including Marines),
Air Force, Coastal Patrol and Defense Command, Armed Forces Reserve Command,
Military Police Command
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 6,095,857; fit for military service 4,731,172 (1993 est.);
about 184,740 currently reach military age (19) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $10.9 billion, 5.4% of GNP (FY93/94 est.)
#ENDCARD
Afghanis.0
Albania.1
Algeria.2
American.3
Andorra.4
Angola.5
Anguilla.6
Antarcti.7
Antigua_.8
Arctic_O.9
Argentin.10
Armenia.11
Aruba.12
Ashmore_.13
Atlantic.14
Australi.15
Austria.16
Azerbaij.17
The_Baha.18
Bahrain.19
Baker_Is.20
Banglade.21
Barbados.22
Bassas_d.23
Belarus.24
Belgium.25
Belize.26
Benin.27
Bermuda.28
Bhutan.29
Bolivia.30
Bosnia_a.31
Botswana.32
Bouvet_I.33
Brazil.34
British_.35
Brunei.36
Bulgaria.37
Burkina.38
Burma.39
Burundi.40
Cambodia.41
Cameroon.42
Canada.43
Cape_Ver.44
Cayman_I.45
Central_.46
Chad.47
Chile.48
China.49
Christma.50
Clippert.51
Cocos__K.52
Colombia.53
Comoros.54
Congo.55
Cook_Isl.56
Coral_Se.57
Costa_Ri.58
Cote_d'I.59
Croatia.60
Cuba.61
Cyprus.62
Czech_Re.63
Denmark.64
Djibouti.65
Dominica.66
Ecuador.67
Egypt.68
El_Salva.69
Equatori.70
Eritrea.71
Estonia.72
Ethiopia.73
Europa_I.74
Falkland.75
Faroe_Is.76
Fiji.77
Finland.78
France.79
French_G.80
French_P.81
French_S.82
Gabon.83
The_Gamb.84
Gaza_Str.85
Georgia.86
Germany.87
Ghana.88
Gibralta.89
Glorioso.90
Greece.91
Greenlan.92
Grenada.93
Guadelou.94
Guam.95
Guatemal.96
Guernsey.97
Guinea.98
Guinea_B.99
Guyana.100
Haiti.101
Heard_Is.102
Holy_See.103
Honduras.104
Hong_Kon.105
Howland_.106
Hungary.107
Iceland.108
India.109
Indian_O.110
Indonesi.111
Iran.112
Iraq.113
Ireland.114
Israel.115
Italy.116
Jamaica.117
Jan_Maye.118
Japan.119
Jarvis_I.120
Jersey.121
Johnston.122
Jordan.123
Juan_de_.124
Kazakhst.125
Kenya.126
Kingman_.127
Kiribati.128
Korea__N.129
Korea__S.130
Kuwait.131
Kyrgyzst.132
Laos.133
Latvia.134
Lebanon.135
Lesotho.136
Liberia.137
Libya.138
Liechten.139
Lithuani.140
Luxembou.141
Macau.142
Macedoni.143
Madagasc.144
Malawi.145
Malaysia.146
Maldives.147
Mali.148
Malta.149
Man__Isl.150
Marshall.151
Martiniq.152
Mauritan.153
Mauritiu.154
Mayotte.155
Mexico.156
Micrones.157
Midway_I.158
Moldova.159
Monaco.160
Mongolia.161
Montserr.162
Morocco.163
Mozambiq.164
Namibia.165
Nauru.166
Navassa_.167
Nepal.168
Netherla.169
New_Cale.170
New_Zeal.171
Nicaragu.172
Niger.173
Nigeria.174
Niue.175
Norfolk_.176
Northern.177
Norway.178
Oman.179
Pacific_.180
Pakistan.181
Palmyra_.182
Panama.183
Papua_Ne.184
Paracel_.185
Paraguay.186
Peru.187
Philippi.188
Pitcairn.189
Poland.190
Portugal.191
Puerto_R.192
Qatar.193
Reunion.194
Romania.195
Russia.196
Rwanda.197
Saint_He.198
Saint_Ki.199
Saint_Lu.200
Saint_Pi.201
Saint_Vi.202
San_Mari.203
Sao_Tome.204
Saudi_Ar.205
Senegal.206
Serbia_a.207
Seychell.208
Sierra_L.209
Singapor.210
Slovakia.211
Slovenia.212
Solomon_.213
Somalia.214
South_Af.215
South_Ge.216
Spain.217
Spratly_.218
Sri_Lank.219
Sudan.220
Suriname.221
Svalbard.222
Swazilan.223
Sweden.224
Switzerl.225
Syria.226
Tajikist.227
Tanzania.228
Thailand.229
Togo.230
Tokelau.231
Tonga.232
Trinidad.233
Tromelin.234
Tunisia.235
Turkey.236
Turkmeni.237
Turks_an.238
Tuvalu.239
Uganda.240
Ukraine.241
United_A.242
United_K.243
United_S.244
Uruguay.245
Uzbekist.246
Vanuatu.247
Venezuel.248
Vietnam.249
Virgin_I.250
Wake_Isl.251
Wallis_a.252
West_Ban.253
Western_.254
World.255
Yemen.256
Zaire.257
Zambia.258
Zimbabwe.259
Taiwan.260